SAP Transaction Codes and its meaning

SAP transaction code are derived from the German language, since SAP originated and was developed  in Germany.

Transacations Beginning in are these types of transactions
F FINANCIAL
M MATERIALS MANAGEMENT
V SALES AND DISTRIBUTION
FK FINANCIAL VENDOR MASTER
MK MATERIAL VENDOR MASTER
XK CENTRAL VENDOR MASTER
XD CENTRAL CUSTOMER MASTER
MB GOODS RECEIPT – INVENTORY MANAGEMENT
MR MM INVOICE VERIFICATION
ME PURCHASING
ME1 PURCHASE REQUISITION
ME2 PURCHASE ORDER
MM MATERIAL MASTER
VA SALES ORDERS
VF BILLING
FS LEDGER ACCOUNTS
FB SHARED FINANCIAL TRANSACTIONS (SHARED BETWEEN AP AR ASSETS GL)

Most transactions start with 2 Letters. As an example:

A assets (first letter for the German word Anlagengegenstand)
D customer/ debit type transactions (first letter of German word Debitor)
K vendor/credit type of transactions (first letter of German word Kreditor)
M material (first letter of German word Material)
S ledger (first letter of the German word Soll)
E Purchase (first letter of the German word Einkauf)
A Auftrag (first letter of the German word Auftrag)
M Master (this seems to be one of the few exceptions for not using the German equivalent)
F Billing/Invoice (first letter from the German word Faktura

Numbers following 2 transaction letters have usually the following meaning:

01 Create
02 View
03 Amend/Change

Sample Transactions:

FD01 Create Financial Customer / Debitor Record
FD02 View Financial   Customer / Debitor Record
FD03 Change/Amend Financial Customer / Debitor Record
   
FK01 Create Financial     Vendor / Kreditor Record
FK02 View Financial        Vendor / Kreditor Record